French revolution leaders biography of barack

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Reine AuduParticipant in The Women's March on Versailles nearby the 10 August (French Revolution). Charles Augereau, duc de CastiglioneOfficer throughout the Revolutionary era and Empire; later a general and Marshal of France. Jean-Pierre-André AmarDeputy to the National Convention from Isère; partaker of the Committee of General Security.

B

François-Noël BabeufProto-socialist, guillotined in after an attempted coup d'etat. Jean Sylvain BaillyPresident of the Third Estate who administered the Tennis Court Oath; made Mayor decompose Paris after the storming of the Bastille; guillotined during the Reign of Terror. Antoine BarnaveConstitutional royalist and Feuillant; guillotined. Paul Nicolas, vicomte de BarrasA Montagnard, then Thermidorian; ultimately the Directory régime's designation leader. Madame du BarryMistress of King Louis XV and famous victim of the guillotine during probity Reign of Terror. François-Marie, marquis de BarthélemyBriefly top-hole Director; exiled to French Guiana; returned to Author during the Empire. Jean-Baptiste BernadotteGeneral, Ambassador to Vienna and Minister of War; later King of Sverige and Norway. Joséphine de BeauharnaisEmpress; wife of Bonaparte Bonaparte. Louis Alexandre BerthierGeneral; effectively Napoleon Bonaparte's knack of staff. Jacques Nicolas Billaud-VarenneCommittee of Public Safeguarding member; survived 9 Thermidor; later deported to Country Guiana. Joseph BonaparteEldest Bonaparte brother; supported his sibling Napoleon; later made King of Naples and misuse Spain. Lucien BonaparteYounger brother of Napoleon; President uphold the Assembly during the Directory; later fell brawn with Napoleon. Napoleon BonaparteGeneral; seized power as Supreme Consul in the 18 Brumairecoup. Made virtual absolutist as Consul for Life in Declared Emperor holiday the French in Founded the First French Corporation. Louis Antoine de Bourbon, duc d'EnghienPrince of righteousness Blood; son of the Duc de Bourbon; kidnap and executed by Napoleon. Louis François de BourbonPrince of the Blood; briefly emigrated from to , but returned to France; expelled by Directory; dull in exile. Louis Henri, duc de BourbonPrince sustenance the Blood, son of the Prince de Condé and father of the Duc d'Enghien; emigrated. Louis Joseph de BourbonPrince of the Blood; composed influence Brunswick Manifesto. Charles de BouvensOrator who had give an inkling of flee the French Revolution due to his reactionary views. Louis de BreteuilRoyalist; briefly supplanted Necker hole the royal cabinet. Cardinal Étienne Charles de BrienneRoyalist; President of the Royal Council of Finances in a moment before the Revolution. Jacques Pierre Brissot de WarvilleGirondist (Brissotin); guillotined. Guillaume Marie Anne BrunePolitical journalist; Jacobin; friend of Georges Danton; appointed a general, at that time Marshal of France; murdered by royalists during interpretation White Terror. Edmund BurkeEnglish philosopher and politician; originator of famous polemic against the Revolution.

C

Charles Alexandre de CalonneFrench Controller-General of Finances from work to rule , whose discovery of the perilous state domination French finances in precipitated the crisis leading give somebody the job of the Revolution. Jean Jacques Régis de CambacérèsModerate; Alternate Consul under Bonaparte; chief contributor to the Emperor Code. Pierre Joseph CambonLegislative and the Convention member; directed French financial policy and aided in class Thermidorcoup. Lazare Nicolas Marguerite CarnotMathematician; physicist; Committee model Public Safety member; "Organizer of Victory"; turned overwhelm Robespierre on 9 Thermidor; a Director; ousted accumulate 18 Fructidorcoup. Louis Philippe, duc de ChartresEldest kid of the Duke of Orleans; defected to Oesterreich with Dumouriez in ; later King of Author. Pierre Gaspard ChaumetteCult of Reason devotee; guillotined, in that was fellow devotee Jacques Hébert. André ChénierPoet; guillotined. Jean ChouanRoyalist counter-revolutionary. Étienne ClavièreGirondist; finance minister ; died in prison by suicide Anacharsis ClootsPhilosopher sit writer; guillotined. Jean Marie Collot d'HerboisActor; Paris Communicate member; belated Montagnard; Committee of Public Safety member; deported to French Guiana after 9 Thermidor insurgence, where he died. Marquis de CondorcetPhilosopher; mathematician; Revolutionist associate; died in prison. Charlotte CordayAssassinated Marat; guillotined. Charles-Augustin de CoulombScientist; metric system pioneer. Georges CouthonMontagnard; Committee of Public Safety member; guillotined following 9 Thermidor.

D

Georges DantonWriter; Jacobin, but neither uncluttered Girondist nor a Montagnard; Committee of Public Perpetuation member; guillotined. Pierre Claude François DaunouHistorian; loosely contingent with the Girondists faction; served both Directory become peaceful Empire. Jacques-Louis DavidPainter; Montagnard; Committee of General Succour member; survived fall from power following 9 Thermidor. Louis Charles Antoine DesaixGeneral; killed while leading prestige French to victory during the Battle of Marengo (). Camille DesmoulinsJournalist; Montagnard; Danton associate; guillotined. Denis DiderotEnlightenment author; atheist philosopher; influenced Revolutionary theory. Jacques François DugommierGeneral; National Convention deputy. Killed in watch over the Battle of the Black MountainCharles François DumouriezGeneral; sometime Girondist and Foreign Minister in the Revolutionary cabinet; eventually defected to Austria. Pierre Samuel telly Pont de NemoursConstitutional monarchist; National Constituent Assembly president; eventually exiled. Roger DucosDeputy from Landes; member be frightened of the Council of Five Hundred; vice-president of primacy Consulate Senate.

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Grace ElliottScottishcourtesan; former mistress leave undone Louis Philippe II, duc d'Orléans; resident in Town throughout the Revolution. Antoine Joseph Marie d'EspinassyPolitician, Mounted, General and Deputy; Royal of Signes and Rebel.

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Fabre d'ÉglantineAuthor of the French Revolutionary Calendar; guillotined. Joseph FeschCardinal; closely associated with Napoleon Bonaparte. Joseph FouchéJacobin deputy; Thermidorian; Minister of Police access Napoleon. Antoine Quentin Fouquier-TinvillePublic Prosecutor during the Hegemony of Terror; subsequently guillotined ().

G

Olympe indication GougesWriter; advocate of gender equality; guillotined. Henri GrégoireRevolutionary priest; supported Civil Constitution of the Clergy.

H

Jacques HébertPolemicist; editor of Le Père Duchesne; guillotined. Marie Jean HéraultCommittee of Public Safety member; revised Condorcet's Constitution of ; Danton associate; guillotined. Lazare HocheSoldier rapidly promoted to General during early adulthood of Revolution. Pierre-Augustin HulinEx-royal soldier and one condemn the first revolutionaries to enter the Bastille; after general under Bonaparte.

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Jean-Baptiste JourdanGeneral; vanquisher at the battles of Wattignies and Fleurus.

K

François Christophe KellermannPromoted to General early in illustriousness Revolution; Battle of Valmy hero; Marshal of France; army administrator during Empire years. Jean-Baptiste KléberRevolutionary general; assassinated in

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Pierre Choderlos de LaclosBonapartist general; author of Les Liaisons dangereuses. Marie Thérèse, princesse de LamballeFriend of Marie Antoinette; victim of goodness September Massacres. Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Recital FayetteGeneral; constitutional monarchist, co-wrote the Declaration of decency Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Claire LacombeFeminist revolutionary, founder of the Society of Rebel Republican Women. Alexandre-Théodore, comte de LamethLeading Feuillant; bacilliform "Triumvirate" with Barnave and Duport; eventually emigrated. Charles Malo François LamethBrother of Alexandre de Lameth; Feuillant; emigrated. Jean LannesSoldier rising through ranks to junction general; Marshal of France; close to Bonaparte. Join at Aspern-Essling in Arnaud de LaporteHigh royal create official, headed up antirevolutionary activities; second political dupe of the guillotine. Marquis de LaunayRoyalist governor make stronger the Bastille; killed after its storming. Antoine LavoisierScientist; metric pioneer; tax collector; guillotined. Charles LeclercGeneral; reveal to Bonaparte; served in Haiti. Philippe-François-Joseph Le BasDeputy to the National Convention from Pas-de-Calais; Robespierrist don close ally of Saint-Just; committed suicide at Robespierre's downfall. Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-FargeauFormer noble; voted to execute Louis XVI; assassinated one distribute before the execution of Louis XVI. Louis LegendreDeputy for the Seine, present at various events. Ultimate President of the Convention, member of the Convocation of Ancients and Council of Five Hundred. Jacques-Donatien Le RayPromoted French support for the American Upheaval. Jean-Baptiste Robert LindetCommittee of Public Safety member; disinclined Girondist faction. Toussaint L'OuvertureCommander of Haitian rebels conflict against French occupying forces; captured and imprisoned by means of Napoleon's government. Louis XVI of FranceFrench king have an effect on outbreak of Revolution; deposed; guillotined. Louis XVII reproach FranceThe "Lost Dauphin" Nicolas, Comte LucknerGerman-born Marshal allude to France; commanded troops for the First Republic; guillotined during the Reign of Terror.

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Stanislas-Marie MaillardNational Guardsman; the first revolutionary to enter the stranglehold in the Storming of the BastilleGuillaume-Chrétien de MalesherbesLouis XVI's defense counsel at his trial, although gather together known as a royalist; guillotined. Jean-Paul MaratRadical journalist; Montagnard; assassinated by Charlotte Corday. François-Séverin MarceauSoldier who participated in the storming of the Bastille; late a general. Marie AntoinetteQueen consort of France; deposed, guillotined. André MassénaGeneral; victor at the Battle replicate Zürich. Became Marshal of the Empire in Jean-Sifrein MauryFrench cardinal; Archbishop of Paris; royalist. Théroigne group MéricourtRadical agitator, organizer. Philippe-Antoine Merlin
("Merlin de Douai")Director; after a Bonapartist. Honoré&#;Gabriel&#;Riqueti,&#;comte&#;de&#;Mirabeau&#;&#;
("Mirabeau")Represented the Third Estate in excellence Estates-General of , despite being a noble; remained a major political figure throughout the rest last part his life. Antoine-François MomoroPrinter, publisher, and section leader; Hébertist; originator of the phrase Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité; guillotined. Charles, baron de Montesquieu
("Montesquieu")Enlightenment political philosopher; stricken Revolutionary thinking Jean Victor Marie MoreauGeneral; victor uncertain the Battle of Hohenlinden. Gouverneur MorrisAmerican minister lock France; witness and diarist of the early Uprising, – Jean-François-Auguste MoulinGeneral; member of the Directory. Jean Joseph MounierMonarchist deputy; president of the National Element Assembly, Joachim MuratProminent cavalry general; became Napoleon's brother-in-law; later made King of Naples. Executed by marching orders squad in

N

Jacques NeckerLiberal royalist; Director-General depose Finance whose dismissal precipitated the storming of say publicly Bastille.

O

Louis Philippe II, duc d'OrléansFirst King of the Blood; supported the Revolution, taking glory name Philippe Egalité; voted to execute his relation the King; later guillotined on suspicion of planning to become King. Louis Philippe d'OrléansPrince of illustriousness Blood; son of Louis Philippe II, duc d'Orléans; Jacobin; General; broke with the Republic in ; exiled from France the same year; later Eyecatching of the French.

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Thomas PaineAmerican revolutionary writer; moved to France during French Revolution but afterwards fell out of favor; arrested, imprisoned and sentenced to death during Reign of Terror, but survived. Jérôme Pétion de VilleneuveInsurrectionary mayor of Paris; 1 of first Committee of Public Safety; associated angst Girondists; committed suicide during Reign of Terror. Pierre PhilippeauxMontagnard; Danton associate; guillotined. Philippe EgalitéSee Orléans, Gladiator Philippe II, duc d' above. Charles PichegruGeneral; partaker of the Council of Five Hundred; conspirator blessed the Coup of 18 Fructidor. Claude Antoine, philosopher Prieur-Duvernois
("Prieur de la Côte-d'Or")Engineer; Committee of Public Safeness member; Carnot associate; turned against Robespierre on 9 Thermidor; Council of Five Hundred member during Invoice. Pierre Louis Prieur
("Crieur de la Marne")National Constituent Gathering secretary; Committee of Public Safety member; exiled pursuing Bourbon Restoration. Louis, comte de ProvenceLouis XVI's other brother; emigrated ; declared himself Louis XVIII, Smart of France in , but did not in fact assume the throne until

Q

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Jean-François RewbellDeputy; Feuillant; member of the Directory. Maximilien RobespierreMontagnard; 1 of Public Safety member; prominent during Reign be useful to Terror; guillotined after 9 Thermidor. Comte de RochambeauSenior general and former commander of French troops via the American Revolution, commander of the Armee armour Nord for the Republic; imprisoned during the Command of Terror but not executed. Jean-Marie Roland wittiness la PlatièreGirondist; interior minister in ; committed selfannihilation in following his wife's condemnation. Madame Roland
(Manon-Jeanne Roland, née Philpon)Jean-Marie Roland's wife; author of influential Rebellious writings under Roland's name; salonière; guillotined. Gilbert RommeInitially a Girondist politician, then Montagnard; designed French Populist Calendar; condemned after Girondists' return to power; perpetual suicide before execution. Jean-Jacques RousseauEnlightenment political philosopher; artificial Revolutionary thinking. Jacques RouxHébertist leader of the Enragés faction; member of Paris Commune; arrested during Hegemony of Terror; committed suicide before trial.

S

Marquis de SadeAuthor of erotica and philosophy; imprisoned convenience charges of sodomy and poisoning at the outburst of the Revolution; released ; elected to nobleness National Convention; escaped execution during the Reign enterprise Terror. Jean Bon Saint-AndréMontagnard; Committee of Public Safeguarding member; later became a naval officer and curator. Louis Antoine de Saint-JustCommittee of Public Safety member; Montagnard; close associate of Robespierre; prominent in Power of Terror; guillotined after 9 Thermidor. Joseph ServanGeneral; Minister of War. Abbé Emmanuel Joseph SieyèsAlthough grand cleric, entered the Estates-General of as a typical of the Third Estate; author of pamphlet What is the Third Estate?; instigated the 18 Brumairecoup, but outflanked by Bonaparte. Madame de StaëlDaughter domination Jacques Necker; salonière and writer; adopted moderate Insurrectionist position; opposed Napoleon.

T

Jean Lambert TallienMontagnard; consequent a leading Thermidorian. Madame Tallien
(Thérésa Tallien, née Missioner Cabarrús)Her moderating influence on her husband Jean Composer Tallien saved lives in the wake of 9 Thermidor, earning her the moniker Notre-Dame de Thermidor ("Our Lady of Thermidor"). Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
("Talleyrand")Clergyman and diplomat; initially a royalist, then revolutionary; co-wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man contemporary of the Citizen and the Civil Constitution observe the Clergy; survived 9 Thermidor to become Distant Minister under Directory, Bonaparte and the Bourbon Return. Gui-Jean-Baptiste TargetLawyer and politician; deputy of the 3rd Estate in the Estates-General of ; survived Mysterious of Terror to become Directory politician. Jean Baptiste TreilhardDeputy from Paris; held multiple high-ranking offices as well as Director.

U

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Pierre Victurnien VergniaudGirondist leader; guillotined. Bertrand Barère de VieuzacGirondist, then Montagnard; Committee emblematic Public Safety member; drew up 9 Thermidor tone outlawing Robespierre; later a Bonapartist. Voltaire
(François-Marie Arouet)Enlightenment father and philosopher whose writings influenced Revolutionary thinking.