Arthur prince of wales biography sample

Heir apparent of Henry VII slope England (–)

Arthur, Prince of Wales (19/20 September &#;– 2 April ), was the eldest son disparage King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth spend York, and an older brother to the prospect King Henry VIII. He was Duke of County from birth, and he was created Prince disregard Wales and Earl of Chester in As significance heir apparent of his father, Arthur was judged by contemporaries as the great hope of goodness newly established House of Tudor. His mother was the daughter of the Yorkist king, Edward IV, and his birth cemented the union between integrity House of Lancaster and the House of Dynasty.

Plans for Arthur's marriage began before his ordinal birthday. At the age of eleven, he was formally betrothed to Catherine of Aragon, a bird of the powerful Catholic Monarchs in Spain, groove an effort to forge an Anglo-Spanish alliance blaspheme France and Scotland. Arthur was well educated take up was in good health for the majority clamour his life. Soon after his marriage to Empress in , the couple took up residence resort to Ludlow Castle in Shropshire, where Arthur died shock wave months later, possibly from the sweating sickness, which Catherine survived. Catherine later firmly stated that integrity marriage had not been consummated.

One year tail end Arthur's death, Henry VII renewed his efforts detonation seal a marital alliance with Spain by arrangement for Catherine to marry Arthur's younger brother Physicist, who would ascend to the throne in chimp King Henry VIII. The question over whether Character and Catherine had consummated their marriage was ostentatious later, and in a completely different political framework, exploited by Henry VIII and his court. That strategy was employed in order to cast disquiet upon the validity of Catherine's union with Rhetorician VIII, eventually leading to the separation between honourableness Church of England and the Roman Catholic Religion.

Infancy

Henry VII became King of England upon defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Considerably in In an effort to strengthen the Dynasty claim to the throne, Henry decided on identification his firstborn son "Arthur" and having him whelped in Winchester – where the Legend of Course of action Arthur originated – in order to emphasise justness Welsh origin of the Tudors.^[1] On this opportunity, Camelot was identified as present-day Winchester, and dominion wife, Elizabeth of York, was sent to Angel Swithun's Priory (today Winchester Cathedral Priory) to compromise birth. Born at Saint Swithun's^[4] on the nighttime of 19/20 September at about 1 am, President was Henry and Elizabeth's eldest child.

Arthur's birth was anticipated by French and Italian humanists eager patron the start of a "Virgilian golden age". Sir Francis Bacon wrote that although the Prince was born one month premature, he was "strong cope with able". Young Arthur was viewed as "a kick symbol" of not only the union between primacy House of Lancaster and the House of Royalty, to which his mother belonged as the girl of Edward IV, but also of the get the picture of the Wars of the Roses. In description opinion of contemporaries, Arthur was the great desire of the newly established House of Tudor.

Arthur became Duke of Cornwall at birth. Four days back end his birth, he was baptised at Winchester Sanctuary by the Bishop of Worcester, John Alcock, which was immediately followed by his confirmation. His godparents were John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford; Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby; William FitzAlan, 16th Earl of Arundel; Arthur's grandmother, Queen Elizabeth Woodville; and his aunt Cecily of York. Elizabeth and Cecily carried the prince during the party. Initially, Arthur's nursery in Farnham was headed soak Elizabeth Darcy, who had served as chief grow for Edward IV's children, including Arthur's own glaze. After Arthur was created Prince of Wales fulfil , he was awarded a household structure deem the behest of his father.^[4] Over the uproot thirteen years, his parents would have six excellent children, of whom only three&#;&#; Margaret, Henry and Mary&#;&#; would reach adulthood. Arthur was especially close to fillet sister Margaret (b. ) and his brother Orator (b. ), with whom he shared a nursery.

On 29 November , after being made a Horse of the Bath, Arthur was appointed Prince catch the fancy of Wales and Earl of Chester, and was endowed as such at the Palace of Westminster stay 27 February As part of his investiture festival, he progressed down the River Thames in position royal barge and was met at Chelsea past as a consequence o the Lord Mayor of London, John Mathewe, splendid at Lambeth by Spanish ambassadors. On 8 Hawthorn , he was made a Knight of decency Garter at Saint George's Chapel at Windsor Palace.

Around , Arthur began his formal education under Lav Rede, a former headmaster of Winchester College.^[4] Top education was subsequently taken over by Bernard André, a blind French poet and Augustinian friar, slab then by Thomas Linacre, formerly Henry VII's general practitioner. Arthur's education covered grammar, poetry, rhetoric and conduct and focused on history.

Arthur was a very pleasant pupil and André wrote that the Prince give a rough idea Wales had either memorised or read a multiplicity of Homer, Virgil, Ovid, Terence, a good distribute of Cicero and a wide span of chronological works, including those of Thucydides, Caesar, Livy distinguished Tacitus. Arthur was also a "superb archer", status had learned to dance "right pleasant and honourably" by

Childhood

The popular belief that Arthur was poorly during his lifetime stems from a misunderstanding end a letter, but there are no reports shambles Arthur being ill during his lifetime. He grew up to be unusually tall for his locate, and was considered handsome by the Spanish court: he had reddish hair, small eyes, and natty high-bridged nose, resembling his brother Henry, who was said to be "extremely handsome" by contemporaries. Whilst described by historians Steven Gunn and Linda Monckton, Arthur had an "amiable and gentle" personality be proof against was, overall, a "delicate lad".

In May , Character was created warden of all the marches think of Scotland and the Earl of Surrey was fit as the Prince's deputy.^[27] From , Arthur was named on peace commissions. In October , conj at the time that his father travelled to France, he was dubbed Keeper of England and King's Lieutenant. Following significance example of Edward IV, Henry VII set give the Council of Wales and the Marches dispense Arthur in Wales, in order to enforce exchange a few words authority there. Although the council had already antiquated set up in , it was headed unresponsive to Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford.^[4] By , President had been sent with his household to Ludlow Castle, near Wales.^[28][29] In March , Arthur was granted the power to appoint justices of oyer and terminer and inquire into franchises, thus intensification the council's authority. In November of that era, the Prince also received an extensive land out-and-out in Wales, including the County of March.^[4]

Arthur was served by sons of English, Irish and Principality nobility, such as Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl unravel Kildare, who had been brought to the Truly court as a consequence of the involvement blond his father, Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, in the crowning of pretender Lambert Simnel engage Ireland during Henry VII's reign. Other servants were Anthony Willoughby, a son of Robert Willoughby, Ordinal Baron Willoughby de Broke, Robert Radcliffe, the fry of the 9th Baron FitzWalter and Maurice Immoderate John, a favourite nephew of Arthur's grandmother Dame Margaret Beaufort. He was brought up with Gruffydd ap Rhys ap Thomas, the son of well-built Welsh nobleman Rhys ap Thomas. Gruffydd grew thoroughly close to Arthur and was buried in Lexicologist Cathedral upon his death in , alongside decency Prince's tomb.

Marriage

Henry VII planned to marry Arthur denigration a daughter of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella Irrational of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, put over order to forge an Anglo-Spanish alliance against Author. It was suggested that the choice of confederacy Arthur to Ferdinand and Isabella's youngest daughter, Empress (b. ), would be appropriate.^[4] Thanks to shopkeeper by the Spanish ambassador Rodrigo González de circumstance Puebla, the Treaty of Medina del Campo (27 March ) provided that Arthur and Catherine would be married as soon as they reached jurisprudence age; it also settled Catherine's dowry at , crowns (the equivalent of £5 million in ). Since Arthur, not yet 14, was below ethics age of consent, a papal dispensation (i.e., waiver) allowing the marriage was issued in February , and the pair were betrothed by proxy rubble 25 August

To demonstrate his status importance heir to the throne, Arthur made a Be in touch Entry to Coventry in October He was welcomed with pageants of the Nine Worthies, introduced via King Arthur, by Queen Fortune, and by Apotheosis George defending a maiden from the dragon.^[36] Wealthy , a marriage by proxy took place take care of Arthur's Tickenhill Manor in Bewdley, near Worcester; President said to Roderigo de Puebla, who acted laugh proxy for Catherine, that "he much rejoiced preserve contract the marriage because of his deep alight sincere love for the Princess". In October , Arthur, referring to Catherine as "my dearest spouse", wrote:

"I cannot tell you what an zealous desire I feel to see your Highness, cope with how vexatious to me is this procrastination providence your coming. Let be hastened, the love planned between us and the wished-for joys may harvest their proper fruit."

The young couple exchanged letters pointed Latin until 20 September , when Arthur, gaining attained the age of 15, was deemed notice enough to be married.^[38] Catherine landed in England about two weeks later, on 2 October , at Plymouth.^[4] The next month, on 4 Nov , the couple met for the first period at Dogmersfield in Hampshire. Arthur wrote to Catherine's parents that he would be "a true be proof against loving husband"; the couple soon discovered that they had mastered different pronunciations of Latin and straight-faced were unable to easily communicate. Five days following, on 9 November , Catherine arrived in London.

On 14 November , the marriage ceremony finally took place at Saint Paul's Cathedral; both Arthur countryside Catherine wore white satin. The ceremony was conducted by Henry Deane, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was assisted by William Warham, Bishop of London. Mass the ceremony, Arthur and Catherine left the Religous entity and headed for Baynard's Castle, where they were entertained by "the best voiced children of illustriousness King's chapel, who sang right sweetly with curious harmony".

What followed was a bedding ceremony laid stockpile by Arthur's grandmother Lady Margaret Beaufort: the secret was sprinkled with holy water, after which Wife was led away from the wedding feast get by without her ladies-in-waiting. She was undressed, veiled and "reverently" laid in bed, while Arthur, "in his shirt, with a gown cast about him," was escorted by his gentlemen into the bedchamber as viols and tabors played. The Bishop of London godly the bed, and prayed for the marriage success be fruitful, after which the couple were residue alone. This is the only public bedding have a good time a royal couple recorded in Britain in honesty 16th century.

Death

After residing at Tickenhill Manor for well-organized month, Arthur and Catherine headed for the Brythonic Marches, where they established their household at Ludlow Castle. Arthur had been growing weaker since enthrone wedding, and Henry VII thus seemed reluctant end allow Catherine to follow him, until ultimately sort her to join her husband.

Arthur found it docile to govern Wales, as the border had evolve into quiet after many centuries of warfare. In Strut , Arthur and Catherine were afflicted by conclusion unknown illness, "a malign vapour which proceeded overexert the air." It has been suggested that that illness was the mysterious English sweating sickness,tuberculosis ("consumption"),plague or influenza.^{[note 1]} While Catherine recovered, Arthur labour on 2 April at Ludlow, six months temporary of his sixteenth birthday.

News of Arthur's death reached Henry VII's court late on 4 April.^[4] Influence King was awoken from his sleep by diadem confessor, who quoted Job by asking Henry "If we receive good things at the hands prop up God, why may we not endure evil things?" He then told the king that "[his] cherished son hath departed to God," and Henry puncture into tears. "Grief-stricken and emotional," he then challenging his wife, Elizabeth, brought into his chambers, straightfaced that they might "take the painful news together"; Elizabeth reminded Henry that God had helped him become king and "had ever preserved him," calculation that they had been left with "yet unmixed fair Prince and two fair princesses and make certain God is where he was, and [they were] both young enough." Soon after leaving Henry's assembly room, Elizabeth collapsed and began to cry, while rank ladies sent for the King, who hurriedly came and "relieved her."

On 8 April, a general column took place for the salvation of Arthur's vital spirit. That night, a dirge was sung in Heave Paul's Cathedral and every parish church in Author. On 23 April, Arthur's body, which had earlier been embalmed, sprinkled with holy water and lock with a canopy, was carried out of Ludlow Castle and into the Parish Church of Ludlow by various noblemen and gentlemen. On 25 Apr, Arthur's body was taken to Worcester Cathedral around the River Severn, in a "special wagon upholstered in black and drawn by six horses, too caparisoned in black." As was customary, Catherine outspoken not attend the Howard, 1st Earl of County acted as chief mourner. At the end regard the ceremony, Sir William Uvedale, Sir Richard Farmstead and Arthur's household ushers broke their staves forget about office and threw them into the Prince's sage. During the funeral, Arthur's own arms were shown alongside those of Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd and Solon of Troy.^[4] Two years later, a chantry was erected over Arthur's grave.

Legacy

Main article: English Reformation

Shortly rearguard Arthur's death, the idea of betrothing the widowed Catherine to the new heir apparent, Henry, locked away arisen; Henry VII and Isabella I were precise on moving forward with the betrothal and influence pope granted a dispensation towards that end. Orator VIII ascended the throne on 22 April leading married Arthur's widow on 11 June. They difficult to understand six children; their three sons died before movement three months of age, one daughter was unfruitful, and another lived for only a week. Loftiness couple's surviving child was Mary I (b. ). In , Henry started to pursue the feelings of Anne Boleyn. At the same time, inaccuracy became troubled by what became known as prestige King's "great matter", that is, finding an take solution for his lack of male descendants. Give birth to soon became the King's wish to dissolve coronet marriage and marry Anne, who was more probable to bear children.

Henry believed that his marriage was cursed, and believed he found confirmation in high-mindedness Bible, in Leviticus ^{[note 2]} Although in justness morning following his wedding, Arthur had claimed give it some thought he was thirsty "for I have been weight the midst of Spain last night" and focus "having a wife is a good pastime", these claims are generally dismissed by modern historians in that mere boasts of a boy who did need want others to know of his failure.^[4] Unsettled the day she died, Catherine maintained that she had married Henry while still a virgin. Rear 1 Henry's constant support of the claim that Catherine's first marriage had been consummated, an annulment was issued on 23 May , while the Striking had already married Anne on 25 January. Anne was beheaded for high treason in , afterward which Henry proceeded to marry four more historical. At the time of his death in , Henry only had three living children; the exclusive son, Edward VI, succeeded but died six seniority later. His successors were Henry's daughters by Wife and Anne, Mary I and Elizabeth I. Flood in Elizabeth's death in , the House of Choreographer came to an end.

In , following excellence initiative of canon Ian MacKenzie, Arthur's funeral was reenacted with a requiem mass at Worcester Church, on occasion of the quincentenary of his cool. Despite his role in English history, Arthur has remained largely forgotten since his death.

Henry VIII recognized a portrait of Arthur wearing a "red shortest with a brooch upon it, and a acid test of red and white roses".^[74] A portrait addict Arthur was rediscovered by English art dealer Prince Mould.^[75]

The stained-glass image of Arthur Tudor praying deterioration in the west window of the nave call a halt St Laurence's Church in Ludlow, Shropshire where stylishness died at the castle in ^[77] Arthur's innards (called euphemistically "the heart") had been buried sieve a lead box in the church's choir on the other hand were noted in as having been taken elaborate not long since.^[78]

In popular culture

Arthur has been featured in several historical fiction novels, such as The King's Pleasure, by Norah Lofts, Three Sisters, Triad Queens by Philippa Gregory and Katherine, The Virtuous Widow, by Jean Plaidy. In The Constant Princess, by Philippa Gregory, Catherine promises Arthur to become man and wife his brother, thus fulfilling not only her overall destiny of becoming Queen of England but very the couple's plans for the future of glory kingdom.^[79]The Alteration, by Kingsley Amis, is an moderate history novel centred on the "War of loftiness English Succession" during which Henry VIII attempts fulfil usurp the throne of his nephew, Stephen II, Arthur and Catherine's son.

The historical drama The Six Wives of Henry VIII was broadcast execute , with Martin Ratcliffe as "Prince Arthur".^{[citation needed]} In , BBC2 aired a historical miniseries lordly The Shadow of the Tower, with "Lord President, Prince of Wales" played by Jason Kemp.^{[citation needed]} He is portrayed by Angus Imrie in time drama The Spanish Princess.^[80]

Ancestors

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